InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Gene: CALR

Summary

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-31410.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

CALR

Gene Name

calreticulin

Synonyms

cC1qR; CRT; HEL-S-99n; RO; SSA

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Gene

ENSG00000179218

Encoded Proteins

IDBP-31412

calreticulin

IDBP-760588

IDBP-765425

IDBP-763202

Protein Structure

Useful resources

Stemformatics EHFPI ImmGen

Entrez Gene

Summary

Calreticulin is a multifunctional protein that acts as a major Ca(2+)-binding (storage) protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. It is also found in the nucleus, suggesting that it may have a role in transcription regulation. Calreticulin binds to the synthetic peptide KLGFFKR, which is almost identical to an amino acid sequence in the DNA-binding domain of the superfamily of nuclear receptors. Calreticulin binds to antibodies in certain sera of systemic lupus and Sjogren patients which contain anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, it is highly conserved among species, and it is located in the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum where it may bind calcium. The amino terminus of calreticulin interacts with the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor and prevents the receptor from binding to its specific glucocorticoid response element. Calreticulin can inhibit the binding of androgen receptor to its hormone-responsive DNA element and can inhibit androgen receptor and retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activities in vivo, as well as retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation. Thus, calreticulin can act as an important modulator of the regulation of gene transcription by nuclear hormone receptors. Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with increased autoantibody titers against calreticulin but calreticulin is not a Ro/SS-A antigen. Earlier papers referred to calreticulin as an Ro/SS-A antigen but this was later disproven. Increased autoantibody titer against human calreticulin is found in infants with complete congenital heart block of both the IgG and IgM classes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Gene Information

Type

Protein coding

Genomic Location

Chromosome 19:12938578-12944489

Strand

Forward strand

Band

p13.13

Transcripts

ENST00000316448	ENSP00000320866
ENST00000586967	ENSP00000466037
ENST00000588454	ENSP00000465105
ENST00000586803
ENST00000590325
ENST00000587486
ENST00000586760	ENSP00000465918

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 109 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
They are also associated with 7 interaction(s) predicted by orthology.

Experimentally validated
Total	109 [view]
Protein-Protein	104 [view]
Protein-DNA	4 [view]
Protein-RNA	1 [view]
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Predicted by orthology
Total	7 [view]

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0001849	complement component C1q binding
GO:0001948	glycoprotein binding
GO:0003677	DNA binding
GO:0003729	mRNA binding
GO:0005178	integrin binding
GO:0005506	iron ion binding
GO:0005509	calcium ion binding
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0008270	zinc ion binding
GO:0030246	carbohydrate binding
GO:0031625	ubiquitin protein ligase binding
GO:0042277	peptide binding
GO:0042562	hormone binding
GO:0044183	protein binding involved in protein folding
GO:0044822	poly(A) RNA binding
GO:0050681	androgen receptor binding
GO:0051082	unfolded protein binding
GO:0051087	chaperone binding

Biological Process

GO:0000122	negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0002474	antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
GO:0002479	antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent
GO:0002502	peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex
GO:0006355	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0006457	protein folding
GO:0006611	protein export from nucleus
GO:0006874	cellular calcium ion homeostasis
GO:0006987	activation of signaling protein activity involved in unfolded protein response
GO:0007050	cell cycle arrest
GO:0007283	spermatogenesis
GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation
GO:0010033	response to organic substance
GO:0010628	positive regulation of gene expression
GO:0017148	negative regulation of translation
GO:0018279	protein N-linked glycosylation via asparagine
GO:0022417	protein maturation by protein folding
GO:0030866	cortical actin cytoskeleton organization
GO:0030968	endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
GO:0032355	response to estradiol
GO:0033144	negative regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
GO:0033574	response to testosterone
GO:0034504	protein localization to nucleus
GO:0040020	regulation of meiosis
GO:0042493	response to drug
GO:0042590	antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
GO:0042921	glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway
GO:0042981	regulation of apoptotic process
GO:0043687	post-translational protein modification
GO:0044267	cellular protein metabolic process
GO:0045665	negative regulation of neuron differentiation
GO:0045740	positive regulation of DNA replication
GO:0045787	positive regulation of cell cycle
GO:0045892	negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0048387	negative regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
GO:0050766	positive regulation of phagocytosis
GO:0050821	protein stabilization
GO:0051208	sequestering of calcium ion
GO:0055007	cardiac muscle cell differentiation
GO:0061077	chaperone-mediated protein folding
GO:0071285	cellular response to lithium ion
GO:0071310	cellular response to organic substance
GO:0090398	cellular senescence
GO:1900026	positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
GO:2000510	positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis

Cellular Component

GO:0001669	acrosomal vesicle
GO:0005576	extracellular region
GO:0005578	proteinaceous extracellular matrix
GO:0005615	extracellular space
GO:0005622	intracellular
GO:0005634	nucleus
GO:0005737	cytoplasm
GO:0005783	endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0005788	endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005790	smooth endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0005794	Golgi apparatus
GO:0005829	cytosol
GO:0005844	polysome
GO:0009897	external side of plasma membrane
GO:0009986	cell surface
GO:0016020	membrane
GO:0016529	sarcoplasmic reticulum
GO:0031012	extracellular matrix
GO:0033018	sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0042824	MHC class I peptide loading complex
GO:0043231	intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
GO:0043234	protein complex
GO:0048471	perinuclear region of cytoplasm
GO:0070062	extracellular vesicular exosome
GO:0071556	integral component of lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane
GO:0071682	endocytic vesicle lumen