InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: GGT1

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-228357.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

GGT1

Protein Name

gamma-glutamyltransferase 1

Synonyms

CD224; D22S672; D22S732; GGT; GGT 1; GTG;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000383232

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-2905 (GGT1)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Cleaves the gamma-glutamyl bond of extracellular glutathione (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly), glutathione conjugates, and other gamma-glutamyl compounds. The metabolism of glutathione releases free glutamate and the dipeptide, cysteinyl-glycine, which is hydrolyzed to cysteine and glycine by dipeptidases. In the presence of high concentrations of dipeptides and some amino acids, can also catalyze a transpeptidation reaction, transferring the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid to form a new gamma-glutamyl compound. Initiates extracellular glutathione (GSH) breakdown, provides cells with a local cysteine supply and contributes to maintain intracellular GSH level. It is part of the cell antioxidant defense mechanism. Isoform 3 seems to be inactive. {ECO:0000269PubMed:20622017, ECO:0000269PubMed:24047895, ECO:0000269PubMed:7673200, ECO:0000269PubMed:7759490, ECO:0000269PubMed:8095045, ECO:0000269PubMed:8827453}.

Subcellular Localization

Cell membrane {ECO:0000269PubMed:23682772, ECO:0000269PubMed:8095045}; Single-pass type II membrane protein {ECO:0000269PubMed:23682772, ECO:0000269PubMed:8095045}.

Disease Associations

Glutathionuria (GLUTH) [MIM:231950]: Autosomal recessive disease. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Tissue Specificity

Detected in fetal and adult kidney and liver, adult pancreas, stomach, intestine, placenta and lung. Isoform 3 is lung-specific. There are several other tissue-specific forms that arise from alternative promoter usage but that produce the same protein.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 6 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Experimentally validated
Total	6 [view]
Protein-Protein	6 [view]
Protein-DNA	0
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0003840	gamma-glutamyltransferase activity
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0036374	glutathione hydrolase activity

Biological Process

GO:0002682	regulation of immune system process
GO:0006508	proteolysis
GO:0006520	cellular amino acid metabolic process
GO:0006536	glutamate metabolic process
GO:0006691	leukotriene metabolic process
GO:0006749	glutathione metabolic process
GO:0006750	glutathione biosynthetic process
GO:0006751	glutathione catabolic process
GO:0006805	xenobiotic metabolic process
GO:0007283	spermatogenesis
GO:0019344	cysteine biosynthetic process
GO:0019369	arachidonic acid metabolic process
GO:0019370	leukotriene biosynthetic process
GO:0031638	zymogen activation
GO:0044281	small molecule metabolic process
GO:0050727	regulation of inflammatory response
GO:1901687	glutathione derivative biosynthetic process

Cellular Component

GO:0005615	extracellular space
GO:0005886	plasma membrane
GO:0016021	integral component of membrane
GO:0031362	anchored component of external side of plasma membrane
GO:0070062	extracellular vesicular exosome