InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: APOBEC3G

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-377050.5

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

APOBEC3G

Protein Name

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G

Synonyms

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000413376

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-402349 (APOBEC3G)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exhibits potent antiviral activity against vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination- independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single-or double- stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity also against simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), hepatitis B virus (HBV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), xenotropic MuLV-related virus (XMRV) and simian foamy virus (SFV). May inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons. {ECO:0000269PubMed:12167863, ECO:0000269PubMed:12808465, ECO:0000269PubMed:12808466, ECO:0000269PubMed:12809610, ECO:0000269PubMed:12859895, ECO:0000269PubMed:12970355, ECO:0000269PubMed:14528300, ECO:0000269PubMed:14557625, ECO:0000269PubMed:15031497, ECO:0000269PubMed:16378963, ECO:0000269PubMed:16527742, ECO:0000269PubMed:18288108, ECO:0000269PubMed:19458006, ECO:0000269PubMed:20219927, ECO:0000269PubMed:20335265, ECO:0000269PubMed:21123384, ECO:0000269PubMed:21835787, ECO:0000269PubMed:22791714, ECO:0000269PubMed:22807680, ECO:0000269PubMed:22915799, ECO:0000269PubMed:23097438, ECO:0000269PubMed:23152537}.

Subcellular Localization

Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, P-body. Note=Mainly cytoplasmic. Small amount are found in the nucleus. During HIV-1 infection, virion-encapsidated in absence of HIV-1 VIF.

Disease Associations

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in spleen, testes, ovary and peripheral blood leukocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes. Also expressed in non-permissive peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and several tumor cell lines; no expression detected in permissive lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell lines. Exists only in the LMM form in peripheral blood-derived resting CD4 T-cells and monocytes, both of which are refractory to HIV-1 infection. LMM is converted to a HMM complex when resting CD4 T-cells are activated or when monocytes are induced to differentiate into macrophages. This change correlates with increased susceptibility of these cells to HIV-1 infection. {ECO:0000269PubMed:11863358, ECO:0000269PubMed:12167863, ECO:0000269PubMed:20308164}.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 14 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Experimentally validated
Total	14 [view]
Protein-Protein	14 [view]
Protein-DNA	0
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0003723	RNA binding
GO:0003824	catalytic activity
GO:0004126	cytidine deaminase activity
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0008270	zinc ion binding
GO:0016814	hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines
GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity
GO:0047844	deoxycytidine deaminase activity

Biological Process

GO:0002230	positive regulation of defense response to virus by host
GO:0009972	cytidine deamination
GO:0010529	negative regulation of transposition
GO:0016032	viral process
GO:0016553	base conversion or substitution editing
GO:0045071	negative regulation of viral genome replication
GO:0045087	innate immune response (InnateDB)
GO:0045869	negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate
GO:0048525	negative regulation of viral process
GO:0051607	defense response to virus
GO:0070383	DNA cytosine deamination

Cellular Component

GO:0000932	cytoplasmic mRNA processing body
GO:0005737	cytoplasm
GO:0005829	cytosol
GO:0030529	ribonucleoprotein complex
GO:0030895	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex