InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: PAX4

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-39450.7

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

PAX4

Protein Name

paired box 4

Synonyms

KPD; MODY9;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000339906

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-39446 (PAX4)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Plays an important role in the differentiation and development of pancreatic islet beta cells. Transcriptional repressor that binds to a common element in the glucagon, insulin and somatostatin promoters. Competes with PAX6 for this same promoter binding site. Isoform 2 appears to be a dominant negative form antagonizing PAX4 transcriptional activity.

Subcellular Localization

Nucleus.

Disease Associations

Diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) [MIM:125853]: A multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis caused by a lack of sensitivity to the body's own insulin. Affected individuals usually have an obese body habitus and manifestations of a metabolic syndrome characterized by diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia. The disease results in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent (IDDM) [MIM:222100]: A multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical features are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.Diabetes mellitus, ketosis-prone (KPD) [MIM:612227]: An atypical form of diabetes mellitus characterized by an acute initial presentation with severe hyperglycemia and ketosis, as seen in classic type 1 diabetes, but after initiation of insulin therapy, prolonged remission is often possible with cessation of insulin therapy and maintenance of appropriate metabolic control. Metabolic studies show a markedly blunted insulin secretory response to glucose, partially reversible with the improvement of blood glucose control. Variable levels of insulin resistance are observed, especially in obese patients. Pancreatic beta-cell autoimmunity is a rare finding. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 9 (MODY9) [MIM:612225]: A form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease. {ECO:0000269PubMed:17426099}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Tissue Specificity

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 0 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0000980	RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0001206	RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
GO:0003677	DNA binding
GO:0003690	double-stranded DNA binding
GO:0003700	sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
GO:0043565	sequence-specific DNA binding

Biological Process

GO:0000122	negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0006351	transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0006355	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0007623	circadian rhythm
GO:0009887	organ morphogenesis
GO:0030154	cell differentiation
GO:0031018	endocrine pancreas development
GO:0042493	response to drug
GO:0043066	negative regulation of apoptotic process
GO:0045595	regulation of cell differentiation
GO:0045597	positive regulation of cell differentiation
GO:0045892	negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0051591	response to cAMP
GO:0060041	retina development in camera-type eye