InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Gene: GREM1

Summary

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-5193.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

GREM1

Gene Name

gremlin 1

Synonyms

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Gene

ENSG00000166923

Encoded Proteins

IDBP-586540

gremlin 1

IDBP-595574

gremlin 1

IDBP-812082

gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist

Protein Structure

Useful resources

Stemformatics EHFPI ImmGen

Entrez Gene

Summary

This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. In mouse, this protein has been shown to relay the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal from the polarizing region to the apical ectodermal ridge during limb bud outgrowth. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

Gene Information

Type

Protein coding

Genomic Location

Chromosome 15:32717974-32745107

Strand

Forward strand

Band

q13.3

Transcripts

ENST00000560677	ENSP00000453387
ENST00000560830	ENSP00000453141
ENST00000622074	ENSP00000478319

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 4 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Experimentally validated
Total	4 [view]
Protein-Protein	4 [view]
Protein-DNA	0
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0005125	cytokine activity
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0016015	morphogen activity
GO:0030297	transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity
GO:0036122	BMP binding
GO:0043184	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding
GO:0048018	receptor agonist activity

Biological Process

GO:0000902	cell morphogenesis
GO:0001525	angiogenesis
GO:0001658	branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
GO:0002042	cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis
GO:0002092	positive regulation of receptor internalization
GO:0002689	negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
GO:0003257	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation
GO:0003337	mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
GO:0006915	apoptotic process
GO:0007165	signal transduction
GO:0007171	activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity
GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling
GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation
GO:0009887	organ morphogenesis
GO:0009954	proximal/distal pattern formation
GO:0010717	regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
GO:0030199	collagen fibril organization
GO:0030308	negative regulation of cell growth
GO:0030326	embryonic limb morphogenesis
GO:0030502	negative regulation of bone mineralization
GO:0030514	negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway
GO:0033689	negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation
GO:0042346	positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
GO:0043542	endothelial cell migration
GO:0045766	positive regulation of angiogenesis
GO:0045892	negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0045893	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0045944	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0046851	negative regulation of bone remodeling
GO:0048263	determination of dorsal identity
GO:0051092	positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
GO:0051893	regulation of focal adhesion assembly
GO:0051973	positive regulation of telomerase activity
GO:0060394	negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
GO:0060676	ureteric bud formation
GO:0061098	positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity
GO:0090027	negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis
GO:0090090	negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
GO:0090190	positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
GO:0090191	negative regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
GO:0090291	negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation
GO:1900086	positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation
GO:1900155	negative regulation of bone trabecula formation
GO:1900158	negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation
GO:2000273	positive regulation of receptor activity
GO:2000727	positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation

Cellular Component

GO:0005615	extracellular space
GO:0009986	cell surface

Orthologs

Species

Mus musculus

Bos taurus

Gene ID

Gene Order

ENSMUSG00000074934

View Gene Order

ENSBTAG00000046604

Not yet available

Pathways

NETPATH

REACTOME

KEGG

INOH

PID NCI

bmppathway

BMP receptor signaling

Cross-References

SwissProt

TrEMBL

UniProt Splice Variant

Entrez Gene

UniGene

Hs.40098 Hs.607314

RefSeq

NM_001191322 NM_001191323 NM_013372 XM_005254301 XM_006725542

HUGO

OMIM

CCDS

CCDS10029 CCDS53927

HPRD

07048

IMGT

EMBL

GenPept

RNA Seq Atlas