InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: REL

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-53135.5

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

REL

Protein Name

v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog (avian)

Synonyms

C-Rel;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000295025

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-53133 (REL)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Proto-oncogene that may play a role in differentiation and lymphopoiesis. NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor which is present in almost all cell types and is involved in many biological processed such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF- kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF- kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. The NF-kappa-B heterodimer RELA/p65-c-Rel is a transcriptional activator.

Subcellular Localization

Nucleus {ECO:0000250}.

Disease Associations

Tissue Specificity

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 132 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
They are also associated with 36 interaction(s) predicted by orthology.

Experimentally validated
Total	132 [view]
Protein-Protein	84 [view]
Protein-DNA	47 [view]
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	1 [view]
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Predicted by orthology
Total	36 [view]

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0000980	RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0001205	RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
GO:0003700	sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0043565	sequence-specific DNA binding

Biological Process

GO:0001816	cytokine production
GO:0006351	transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0006355	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0007249	I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
GO:0043123	positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
GO:0045084	positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
GO:0045087	innate immune response (InnateDB)
GO:0045893	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0045944	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:1901215	negative regulation of neuron death

Cellular Component

GO:0005634	nucleus
GO:0005654	nucleoplasm
GO:0005667	transcription factor complex
GO:0005737	cytoplasm
GO:0005829	cytosol

Protein Structure and Domains

PDB ID

InterPro

IPR000451 NF-kappa-B/Rel/Dorsal
IPR002909 IPT domain
IPR008967 p53-like transcription factor, DNA-binding
IPR011539 Rel homology domain
IPR014756 Immunoglobulin E-set

PFAM

PF01833
PF00554

PRINTS

PR00057

PIRSF

SMART

SM00429

TIGRFAMs

Post-translational Modifications

Modification

Cross-References

SwissProt