InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: GLRX2

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-105486.5

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

GLRX2

Protein Name

glutaredoxin 2

Synonyms

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000356409

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-105482 (GLRX2)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that facilitates the maintenance of mitochondrial redox homeostasis upon induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Involved in response to hydrogen peroxide and regulation of apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. Acts as a very efficient catalyst of monothiol reactions because of its high affinity for protein glutathione-mixed disulfides. Can receive electrons not only from glutathione (GSH), but also from thioredoxin reductase supporting both monothiol and dithiol reactions. Efficiently catalyzes both glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of mitochondrial complex I, which in turn regulates the superoxide production by the complex. Overexpression decreases the susceptibility to apoptosis and prevents loss of cardiolipin and cytochrome c release. {ECO:0000269PubMed:11297543, ECO:0000269PubMed:14676218, ECO:0000269PubMed:15328416, ECO:0000269PubMed:15649413}.

Subcellular Localization

Isoform 1: Mitochondrion.Isoform 2: Nucleus.

Disease Associations

Tissue Specificity

Widely expressed. Expressed in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, colon, thymus, spleen, kidney, liver, small intestine, placenta and lung. Not expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes. {ECO:0000269PubMed:11297543, ECO:0000269PubMed:15184054, ECO:0000269PubMed:15297967}.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 2 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Experimentally validated
Total	2 [view]
Protein-Protein	2 [view]
Protein-DNA	0
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0003756	protein disulfide isomerase activity
GO:0008794	arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) activity
GO:0009055	electron carrier activity
GO:0015035	protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity
GO:0015038	glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity
GO:0046872	metal ion binding
GO:0051537	2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding

Biological Process

GO:0006355	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0006457	protein folding
GO:0006749	glutathione metabolic process
GO:0006915	apoptotic process
GO:0009266	response to temperature stimulus
GO:0009966	regulation of signal transduction
GO:0010033	response to organic substance
GO:0030154	cell differentiation
GO:0042262	DNA protection
GO:0042542	response to hydrogen peroxide
GO:0045454	cell redox homeostasis
GO:0051775	response to redox state
GO:0055114	oxidation-reduction process