InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Mus musculus Protein: Adar

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-164795.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

Adar

Protein Name

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific

Synonyms

Adar1; Adar1p110; Adar1p150; AV242451; mZaADAR;

Species

Mus musculus

Ensembl Protein

ENSMUSP00000029563

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-164791 (Adar)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing. This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions. Can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer- associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2) and serotonin (HTR2C) and GABA receptor (GABRA3). Site-specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alters their functional activities. Exhibits low-level editing at the GRIA2 Q/R site, but edits efficiently at the R/G site and HOTSPOT1. Does not affect polyomavirus replication but provides protection against virus-induced cytopathic effects. Essential for embryonic development and cell survival and plays a critical role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells. {ECO:0000269PubMed:15556947, ECO:0000269PubMed:17079286, ECO:0000269PubMed:17369310}.

Subcellular Localization

Isoform 1: Cytoplasm. Nucleus, nucleolus. Note=Long forms starting at Met-1 are found predominantly in cytoplasm. Shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus.Isoform 2: Cytoplasm. Nucleus, nucleolus. Note=Long forms starting at Met-1 are found predominantly in cytoplasm.Isoform 3: Nucleus, nucleolus. Note=Short forms starting at Met-519 are found exclusively in the nucleolus.Isoform 4: Nucleus, nucleolus. Note=Short forms starting at Met-519 are found exclusively in the nucleolus.

Disease Associations

Tissue Specificity

Highest levels in brain and spleen. Lowest levels in liver. {ECO:0000269PubMed:12954622}.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 5 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
They are also associated with 17 interaction(s) predicted by orthology.

Experimentally validated
Total	5 [view]
Protein-Protein	2 [view]
Protein-DNA	3 [view]
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Predicted by orthology
Total	17 [view]

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0003692	left-handed Z-DNA binding
GO:0003723	RNA binding
GO:0003726	double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity
GO:0004000	adenosine deaminase activity
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0046872	metal ion binding

Biological Process

GO:0001701	in utero embryonic development
GO:0006351	transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0006355	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0006382	adenosine to inosine editing
GO:0006396	RNA processing
GO:0006397	mRNA processing
GO:0006606	protein import into nucleus
GO:0006611	protein export from nucleus
GO:0009615	response to virus
GO:0031047	gene silencing by RNA
GO:0035455	response to interferon-alpha
GO:0043066	negative regulation of apoptotic process
GO:0044387	negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation
GO:0045070	positive regulation of viral genome replication
GO:0045071	negative regulation of viral genome replication
GO:0045087	innate immune response (InnateDB)
GO:0051607	defense response to virus