InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: PLAG1

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-22446.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

PLAG1

Protein Name

pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1

Synonyms

PSA; SGPA; ZNF912;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000325546

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-22444 (PLAG1)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Transcription factor whose activation results in up- regulation of target genes, such as IGFII, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation: when overexpressed in cultured cells, higher proliferation rate and transformation are observed. Other target genes such as CRLF1, CRABP2, CRIP2, PIGF are strongly induced in cells with PLAG1 induction. Proto-oncogene whose ectopic expression can trigger the development of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland and lipoblastomas. Overexpression is associated with up-regulation of IGFII, is frequently observed in hepatoblastoma, common primary liver tumor in childhood. Cooperates with CBFB-MYH11, a fusion gene important for myeloid leukemia. {ECO:0000269PubMed:11888928, ECO:0000269PubMed:14695992, ECO:0000269PubMed:14712223}.

Subcellular Localization

Nucleus {ECO:0000269PubMed:10646861, ECO:0000269PubMed:11882654, ECO:0000269PubMed:16207715}. Note=Strong nucleolar localization when sumoylation is inhibited.

Disease Associations

Note=A chromosomal aberration involving PLAG1 is found in salivary gland pleiomorphic adenomas, the most common benign epithelial tumors of the salivary gland. Translocation t(3;8)(p21;q12) with constituvely expressed beta-catenin/CTNNB1. Fusion occurs in the 5'-regulatory regions, leading to promoter swapping between the 2 genes and activation of PLAG1 expression in adenomas. The chimeric transcript is formed by fusion of CTNNB1 exon 1 to PLAG1 exon 3. Reciprocal fusion transcript consisting of PLAG1 exon 1 and CTNNB1 exon 2-16 is also revealed in some adenomas. Translocation t(3;8)(p21;q12) with transcription elongation factor SII/TCEA1. The fusion transcript is composed of 5'-non-coding sequences as well as 63 nucleotides of the coding region of TCEA1 fused to the acceptor splice site of PLAG1 exon 3. The fusion transcript encodes a truncated TCEA1-PLAG1 protein of 90 AA as well as an apparently normal PLAG1 protein. Reciprocal fusion transcript PLAG1-TCEA1 is also present in one adenoma. Translocation t(5;8)(p13;q12) with leukemia inhibitory factor receptor LIFR. This fusion occured in the 5'-non-coding sequences of both genes, exchanging regulatory control element while preserving the coding sequences. Translocation t(6;8)(p21.3- 22;q13) with Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 7/CHCHD7. Fusion occurs in the 5' regulatory regions, leading to promoter swapping and up-regulation of PLAG1 expression. Ectopic expression of PLAG1 under the control of promoters of distinct translocation partner genes is a general pathogenetic mechanism for pleiomorphic adenomas with 8q aberrations. These fusion genes are likely to be found in adenomas with normal karyotype as this subgroup of tumors also exhibit PLAG1 activation.Note=A chromosomal aberration involving PLAG1 may be a cause of lipoblastomas, which are benign tumors resulting from transformation of adipocytes, usually diagnosed in children. 8q12.1 to 8q24.1 intrachromosomal rearrangement with hyaluronic acid synthase 2/HAS2 results in promoter swapping and activation of PLAG1 expression. The breakpoint of HAS2 gene is in PLAG1 intron 1, whereas its coding sequence starts at exon 2 or exon 3. Translocation t(7;8)(p22;q13) with collagen 1A2/COL1A2. Fusion transcript COL1A2-PLAG1 as well as HAS2-PLAG1 encode a full-length PLAG1 protein.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in fetal tissues such as lung, liver and kidney. Not detected or weak detection in normal adult tissues, but highly expressed in salivary gland with benign or malignant pleiomorphic adenomas with or without 8q12 aberrations, with preferential occurrence in benign tumors. {ECO:0000269PubMed:10029085, ECO:0000269PubMed:14695992, ECO:0000269PubMed:9020842, ECO:0000269PubMed:9722527}.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 8 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Experimentally validated
Total	8 [view]
Protein-Protein	8 [view]
Protein-DNA	0
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0000978	RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
GO:0000981	sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
GO:0001077	RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
GO:0003700	sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
GO:0046872	metal ion binding

Biological Process

GO:0006366	transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0010628	positive regulation of gene expression
GO:0010629	negative regulation of gene expression
GO:0022612	gland morphogenesis
GO:0035264	multicellular organism growth
GO:0035265	organ growth
GO:0045944	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0060252	positive regulation of glial cell proliferation
GO:0060736	prostate gland growth