Homo sapiens Protein: ENPP2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Summary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InnateDB Protein | IDBP-33809.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Last Modified | 2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gene Symbol | ENPP2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Protein Name | ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2; PD-IALPHA; PDNP2; | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Species | Homo sapiens | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ensembl Protein | ENSP00000259486 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InnateDB Gene | IDBG-33807 (ENPP2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Protein Structure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
UniProt Annotation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Function | Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility- related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor. {ECO:0000269PubMed:11559573, ECO:0000269PubMed:1733949, ECO:0000269PubMed:21240271}. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subcellular Localization | Secreted {ECO:0000269PubMed:15769751}. Note=Secreted by most body fluids including serum and CSF. Also by adipocytes and numerous cancer cells. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Disease Associations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tissue Specificity | Predominantly expressed in brain, placenta, ovary, and small intestine. Expressed in a number of carcinomas such as hepatocellular and prostate carcinoma, neuroblastoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. Expressed in body fluids such as plasma, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), saliva, follicular and amniotic fluids. Not detected in leukocytes. Isoform 1 is more highly expressed in peripheral tissues than in the central nervous system (CNS). Adipocytes only express isoform 1. Isoform 3 is more highly expressed in the brain than in peripheral tissues. {ECO:0000269PubMed:18175805, ECO:0000269PubMed:8579579, ECO:0000269PubMed:8586446}. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comments | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interactions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Interactions |
This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 7 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
They are also associated with 1 interaction(s) predicted by orthology.
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Gene Ontology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molecular Function |
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Biological Process |
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Cellular Component |
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Protein Structure and Domains | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PDB ID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
InterPro |
IPR001212
Somatomedin B domain IPR001604 DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease IPR002591 Type I phosphodiesterase/nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphate transferase IPR017850 Alkaline-phosphatase-like, core domain IPR020436 Somatomedin B, chordata IPR020821 Extracellular Endonuclease, subunit A |
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PFAM |
PF01033
PF01223 PF01663 |
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PRINTS |
PR00022
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PIRSF | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SMART |
SM00201
SM00892 SM00477 |
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TIGRFAMs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Post-translational Modifications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Modification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cross-References | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SwissProt | Q13822 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PhosphoSite | PhosphoSite-Q13822 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TrEMBL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
UniProt Splice Variant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Entrez Gene | 5168 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
UniGene | Hs.741511 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RefSeq | NP_006200 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HUGO | HGNC:3357 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OMIM | 601060 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CCDS | CCDS6329 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HPRD | 03037 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IMGT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EMBL | AC099818 AC107960 BC034961 D45421 D45914 EU131011 L35594 L46720 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GenPept | AAA64785 AAB00855 AAH34961 ABW38316 BAA08260 BAA08342 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||