InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: ENPP2

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-33811.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

ENPP2

Protein Name

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2

Synonyms

ATX; ATX-X; AUTOTAXIN; LysoPLD; NPP2; PD-IALPHA; PDNP2;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000075322

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-33807 (ENPP2)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility- related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development. Tumor cell motility-stimulating factor. {ECO:0000269PubMed:11559573, ECO:0000269PubMed:1733949, ECO:0000269PubMed:21240271}.

Subcellular Localization

Secreted {ECO:0000269PubMed:15769751}. Note=Secreted by most body fluids including serum and CSF. Also by adipocytes and numerous cancer cells.

Disease Associations

Tissue Specificity

Predominantly expressed in brain, placenta, ovary, and small intestine. Expressed in a number of carcinomas such as hepatocellular and prostate carcinoma, neuroblastoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. Expressed in body fluids such as plasma, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), saliva, follicular and amniotic fluids. Not detected in leukocytes. Isoform 1 is more highly expressed in peripheral tissues than in the central nervous system (CNS). Adipocytes only express isoform 1. Isoform 3 is more highly expressed in the brain than in peripheral tissues. {ECO:0000269PubMed:18175805, ECO:0000269PubMed:8579579, ECO:0000269PubMed:8586446}.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 7 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
They are also associated with 1 interaction(s) predicted by orthology.

Experimentally validated
Total	7 [view]
Protein-Protein	6 [view]
Protein-DNA	1 [view]
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Predicted by orthology
Total	1 [view]

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0003676	nucleic acid binding
GO:0003824	catalytic activity
GO:0004528	phosphodiesterase I activity
GO:0004551	nucleotide diphosphatase activity
GO:0004622	lysophospholipase activity
GO:0005044	scavenger receptor activity
GO:0005509	calcium ion binding
GO:0008134	transcription factor binding
GO:0008270	zinc ion binding
GO:0016787	hydrolase activity
GO:0030247	polysaccharide binding
GO:0046872	metal ion binding
GO:0047391	alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity

Biological Process

GO:0006796	phosphate-containing compound metabolic process
GO:0006898	receptor-mediated endocytosis
GO:0006928	cellular component movement
GO:0006935	chemotaxis
GO:0006955	immune response
GO:0007186	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO:0008152	metabolic process
GO:0009395	phospholipid catabolic process
GO:0030334	regulation of cell migration
GO:0034638	phosphatidylcholine catabolic process
GO:0090305	nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis

Cellular Component

GO:0005615	extracellular space
GO:0005886	plasma membrane
GO:0005887	integral component of plasma membrane

Protein Structure and Domains

PDB ID

InterPro

IPR001212 Somatomedin B domain
IPR001604 DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
IPR002591 Type I phosphodiesterase/nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphate transferase
IPR017850 Alkaline-phosphatase-like, core domain
IPR020436 Somatomedin B, chordata
IPR020821 Extracellular Endonuclease, subunit A

PFAM

PF01033
PF01223
PF01663

PRINTS

PR00022

PIRSF

SMART

SM00201
SM00892
SM00477

TIGRFAMs

Post-translational Modifications

Modification

Cross-References

SwissProt