InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: TG

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-36159.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

Protein Name

thyroglobulin

Synonyms

AITD3; TGN;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000220616

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-36157 (TG)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Precursor of the iodinated thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

Subcellular Localization

Secreted.

Disease Associations

Thyroid dyshormonogenesis 3 (TDH3) [MIM:274700]: A disorder due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis, causing large goiters of elastic and soft consistency in the majority of patients. Although the degree of thyroid dysfunction varies considerably among patients with defective thyroglobulin synthesis, patients usually have a relatively high serum free triiodothyronine (T3) concentration with disproportionately low free tetraiodothyronine (T4) level. The maintenance of relatively high free T3 levels prevents profound tissue hypothyroidism except in brain and pituitary, which are dependent on T4 supply, resulting in neurologic and intellectual defects in some cases. {ECO:0000269PubMed:10199792, ECO:0000269PubMed:16477365, ECO:0000269PubMed:17244789, ECO:0000269PubMed:17532758, ECO:0000269PubMed:19509106}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.Autoimmune thyroid disease 3 (AITD3) [MIM:608175]: A complex autoimmune disorder comprising two related diseases affecting the thyroid: Graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis. In both disorders, thyroid-reactive T-cells are formed and infiltrate the thyroid gland. In Graves disease, the majority of the T-cells undergo a Th2 differentiation and activate B-cells to produce antibodies against the TSH receptor, which stimulate the thyroid and cause clinical hyperthyroidism. In contrast, Hashimoto thyroiditis is characterized by Th1 switching of the thyroid- infiltrating T-cells, which induces apoptosis of thyroid follicular cells and clinical hypothyroidism. {ECO:0000269PubMed:14657345}. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Tissue Specificity

Thyroid gland specific.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 3 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Experimentally validated
Total	3 [view]
Protein-Protein	3 [view]
Protein-DNA	0
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0005179	hormone activity

Biological Process

GO:0006590	thyroid hormone generation
GO:0007165	signal transduction
GO:0015705	iodide transport
GO:0030878	thyroid gland development
GO:0031641	regulation of myelination
GO:0042403	thyroid hormone metabolic process
GO:0042446	hormone biosynthetic process

Cellular Component

GO:0005576	extracellular region
GO:0005615	extracellular space

Protein Structure and Domains

PDB ID

InterPro

IPR000716 Thyroglobulin type-1
IPR002018 Carboxylesterase, type B
IPR011641 Tyrosine-protein kinase ephrin type A/B receptor-like
IPR016324 Thyroglobulin
IPR029058 Alpha/Beta hydrolase fold

PFAM

PF00086
PF00135
PF07699

PRINTS

PIRSF

PIRSF001831

SMART

SM00211

TIGRFAMs

Post-translational Modifications

Modification

Cross-References

SwissProt