InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: XDH

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-42780.4

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

XDH

Protein Name

xanthine dehydrogenase

Synonyms

XO; XOR;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000368727

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-42778 (XDH)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Has also low oxidase activity towards aldehydes (in vitro). {ECO:0000269PubMed:17301077}.

Subcellular Localization

Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}. Peroxisome {ECO:0000250}. Secreted.

Disease Associations

Xanthinuria 1 (XU1) [MIM:278300]: A disorder characterized by excretion of very large amounts of xanthine in the urine and a tendency to form xanthine stones. Uric acid is strikingly diminished in serum and urine. Xanthinuria 1 is due to isolated xanthine dehydrogenase deficiency. Patients can metabolize allopurinol. {ECO:0000269PubMed:10844591, ECO:0000269PubMed:11379872, ECO:0000269PubMed:14551354, ECO:0000269PubMed:9153281}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Tissue Specificity

Detected in milk (at protein level). {ECO:0000269Ref.11}.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 7 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
They are also associated with 1 interaction(s) predicted by orthology.

Experimentally validated
Total	7 [view]
Protein-Protein	4 [view]
Protein-DNA	2 [view]
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	1 [view]
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Predicted by orthology
Total	1 [view]

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0003824	catalytic activity
GO:0004854	xanthine dehydrogenase activity
GO:0004855	xanthine oxidase activity
GO:0005506	iron ion binding
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0008762	UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity
GO:0009055	electron carrier activity
GO:0016491	oxidoreductase activity
GO:0016614	oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity
GO:0043546	molybdopterin cofactor binding
GO:0046872	metal ion binding
GO:0050660	flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
GO:0051536	iron-sulfur cluster binding
GO:0051537	2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding

Biological Process

GO:0001933	negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
GO:0001937	negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
GO:0006144	purine nucleobase metabolic process
GO:0006195	purine nucleotide catabolic process
GO:0006919	activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
GO:0007595	lactation
GO:0009115	xanthine catabolic process
GO:0010629	negative regulation of gene expression
GO:0030856	regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
GO:0044281	small molecule metabolic process
GO:0045087	innate immune response (InnateDB)
GO:0045602	negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
GO:0051898	negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling
GO:0055086	nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process
GO:0055114	oxidation-reduction process
GO:1900745	positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade
GO:1900747	negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway
GO:2000379	positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
GO:2001213	negative regulation of vasculogenesis

Cellular Component

GO:0005615	extracellular space
GO:0005777	peroxisome
GO:0005829	cytosol

Protein Structure and Domains

PDB ID

InterPro

IPR000674 Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase, a/b hammerhead
IPR001041 2Fe-2S ferredoxin-type domain
IPR002346 Molybdopterin dehydrogenase, FAD-binding
IPR002888 [2Fe-2S]-binding
IPR005107 CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein, C-terminal
IPR008274 Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase, molybdopterin binding
IPR014307 Xanthine dehydrogenase, small subunit
IPR016166 FAD-binding, type 2
IPR016208 Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase

PFAM

PF01315
PF00111
PF00941
PF01799
PF03450
PF02738

PRINTS

PIRSF

PIRSF000127

SMART

SM01008
SM01092

TIGRFAMs

Post-translational Modifications

Modification

Cross-References

SwissProt