Version 5.4
Homo sapiens Protein: GDF9
Summary
InnateDB Protein IDBP-43529.5
Last Modified 2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]
Gene Symbol GDF9
Protein Name growth differentiation factor 9
Synonyms
Species Homo sapiens
Ensembl Protein ENSP00000367942
InnateDB Gene IDBG-43527 (GDF9)
Protein Structure
UniProt Annotation
Function Required for ovarian folliculogenesis. Promotes primordial follicle development. Stimulates granulosa cell proliferation. Promotes cell transition from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases, through an increase of CCND1 and CCNE1 expression, and RB1 phosphorylation. It regulates STAR expression and cAMP-dependent progesterone release in granulosa and thecal cells. Attenuates the suppressive effects of activin A on STAR expression and progesterone production by increasing the expression of inhibin B. It suppresses FST and FSTL3 production in granulosa-lutein cells. {ECO:0000269PubMed:12050262, ECO:0000269PubMed:19366876, ECO:0000269PubMed:20660033, ECO:0000269PubMed:21632818, ECO:0000269PubMed:21829661}.
Subcellular Localization Secreted {ECO:0000250}.
Disease Associations Note=Altered GDF9 function may be involved in ovarian disorders. Rare variants in GDF9 have been found in patients with premature ovarian failure and mothers of dizygotic twins. {ECO:0000269PubMed:16954162}.
Tissue Specificity Expressed in ovarian granulosa cells. Present in oocytes of primary follicles (at protein level). {ECO:0000269PubMed:10443672, ECO:0000269PubMed:12050262}.
Comments
Interactions
Number of Interactions This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 46 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
Experimentally validated
Total 46 [view]
Protein-Protein 46 [view]
Protein-DNA 0
Protein-RNA 0
DNA-DNA 0
RNA-RNA 0
DNA-RNA 0
Gene Ontology

Molecular Function
Accession GO Term
GO:0005125 cytokine activity
GO:0008083 growth factor activity
Biological Process
GO:0001555 oocyte growth
GO:0007179 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
GO:0007292 female gamete generation
GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell proliferation
GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth
GO:2000870 regulation of progesterone secretion
Cellular Component
GO:0005615 extracellular space
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
Protein Structure and Domains
PDB ID
InterPro IPR001839 Transforming growth factor-beta, C-terminal
IPR029034 Cystine-knot cytokine
PFAM PF00019
PRINTS
PIRSF
SMART SM00204
TIGRFAMs
Post-translational Modifications
Modification
Cross-References
SwissProt O60383
PhosphoSite PhosphoSite-O60383
TrEMBL B4DXG3
UniProt Splice Variant
Entrez Gene 2661
UniGene Hs.739230
RefSeq NP_005251
HUGO HGNC:4224
OMIM 601918
CCDS CCDS4162
HPRD 03560
IMGT
EMBL AC004500 AK301962 AK315973 BC096228 BC096229 BC096230 BC096231
GenPept AAC08450 AAH96228 AAH96229 AAH96230 AAH96231 BAG63375 BAH14344

If you use InnateDB for your research, please cite the following publication:

Breuer et al., InnateDB: systems biology of innate immunity and beyond - recent updates and continuing curation. Nucl. Acids Res. (2013) 41 (D1) 

InnateDB is being developed jointly by the Brinkman Laboratory (Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada), the Hancock Laboratory (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia) and the Lynn EMBL Australia Group (South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute and Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia).

Funding is currently provided by Allergen and EMBL Australia. Previous funding has been provided by Genome Canada, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health through the Grand Challenges in Global Health initiative and by Teagasc. InnateDB curated interactions are licensed under the Design Science License. All other data is licensed under the terms of the originating database. Contact: innatedb-mail@sfu.ca