InnateDB Protein
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IDBP-43531.5
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Last Modified
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2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]
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Gene Symbol
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GDF9
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Protein Name
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growth differentiation factor 9
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Synonyms
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Species
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Homo sapiens
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Ensembl Protein
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ENSP00000296875
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InnateDB Gene
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IDBG-43527 (GDF9)
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Protein Structure
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Function |
Required for ovarian folliculogenesis. Promotes primordial follicle development. Stimulates granulosa cell proliferation. Promotes cell transition from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases, through an increase of CCND1 and CCNE1 expression, and RB1 phosphorylation. It regulates STAR expression and cAMP-dependent progesterone release in granulosa and thecal cells. Attenuates the suppressive effects of activin A on STAR expression and progesterone production by increasing the expression of inhibin B. It suppresses FST and FSTL3 production in granulosa-lutein cells. {ECO:0000269PubMed:12050262, ECO:0000269PubMed:19366876, ECO:0000269PubMed:20660033, ECO:0000269PubMed:21632818, ECO:0000269PubMed:21829661}.
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Subcellular Localization |
Secreted {ECO:0000250}.
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Disease Associations |
Note=Altered GDF9 function may be involved in ovarian disorders. Rare variants in GDF9 have been found in patients with premature ovarian failure and mothers of dizygotic twins. {ECO:0000269PubMed:16954162}.
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Tissue Specificity |
Expressed in ovarian granulosa cells. Present in oocytes of primary follicles (at protein level). {ECO:0000269PubMed:10443672, ECO:0000269PubMed:12050262}.
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Comments |
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Number of Interactions
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This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 46 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
Experimentally validated |
Total |
46
[view]
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Protein-Protein |
46
[view]
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Protein-DNA |
0
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Protein-RNA |
0
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DNA-DNA |
0
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RNA-RNA |
0
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DNA-RNA |
0
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Molecular Function |
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Biological Process |
GO:0007179
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transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
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GO:0007292
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female gamete generation
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GO:0008284
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positive regulation of cell proliferation
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GO:2000870
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regulation of progesterone secretion
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Cellular Component |
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PDB ID |
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InterPro |
IPR001839
Transforming growth factor-beta, C-terminal
IPR029034
Cystine-knot cytokine
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PFAM |
PF00019
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PRINTS |
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PIRSF |
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SMART |
SM00204
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TIGRFAMs |
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Modification |
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SwissProt |
O60383
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PhosphoSite |
PhosphoSite-O60383
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TrEMBL |
B4DXG3
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UniProt Splice Variant |
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Entrez Gene |
2661
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UniGene |
Hs.739230
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RefSeq |
NP_001275756
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HUGO |
HGNC:4224
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OMIM |
601918
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CCDS |
CCDS75299
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HPRD |
03560
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IMGT |
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EMBL |
AC004500
AK301962
AK315973
BC096228
BC096229
BC096230
BC096231
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GenPept |
AAC08450
AAH96228
AAH96229
AAH96230
AAH96231
BAG63375
BAH14344
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