InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Bos taurus Protein: S100A12

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-684545.2

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

S100A12

Protein Name

Protein S100-A12

Synonyms

CAAF1; CAGC; CO-AG; EN-RAGE;

Species

Bos taurus

Ensembl Protein

ENSBTAP00000034009

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-632871 (S100A12)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

S100A12 is a calcium-, zinc- and copper-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. Its proinflammatory activity involves recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1. Acts as a monocyte and mast cell chemoattractant. Can stimulate mast cell degranulation and activation which generates chemokines, histamine and cytokines inducing further leukocyte recruitment to the sites of inflammation. Can inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases; MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 by chelating Zn(2+) from their active sites (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.

Subcellular Localization

Secreted {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton {ECO:0000250}. Cell membrane {ECO:0000250}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000250}. Note=Predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Upon elevation of the intracellular calcium level, translocated from the cytoplasm to the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. Upon neutrophil activation is secreted via a microtubule-mediated, alternative pathway (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.

Disease Associations

Tissue Specificity

Up-regulated in stimulated inflammatory effector cells. {ECO:0000269PubMed:10399917}.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 0 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0005509	calcium ion binding
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0008144	drug binding
GO:0046872	metal ion binding

Biological Process

GO:0002376	immune system process
GO:0006954	inflammatory response
GO:0043303	mast cell degranulation
GO:0045087	innate immune response

Cellular Component

GO:0005576	extracellular region
GO:0005737	cytoplasm
GO:0005856	cytoskeleton
GO:0005886	plasma membrane
GO:0016020	membrane
GO:0042629	mast cell granule

Protein Structure and Domains

PDB ID

InterPro

IPR002048 EF-hand domain
IPR013787 S100/CaBP-9k-type, calcium binding, subdomain

PFAM

PF00036
PF13202
PF13405
PF01023

PRINTS

PIRSF

SMART

SM00054

TIGRFAMs

Post-translational Modifications

Modification

Cross-References

SwissProt

P79105

PhosphoSite

PhosphoSite-

TrEMBL

UniProt Splice Variant

Entrez Gene

282467

UniGene

Bt.357

RefSeq

NP_777076

HUGO

OMIM

CCDS

HPRD

IMGT

EMBL

AF011757 BC102542 D49548

GenPept

AAB65423 AAI02543 BAA08496