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InnateDB Protein
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IDBP-693635.2
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Last Modified
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2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]
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Gene Symbol
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GCG
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Protein Name
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GlucagonGlicentinGlicentin-related polypeptideOxyntomodulinGlucagonGlucagon-like peptide 1Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37)Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36)Glucagon-like peptide 2
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Synonyms
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Species
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Bos taurus
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Ensembl Protein
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ENSBTAP00000000972
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InnateDB Gene
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IDBG-641235 (GCG)
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Protein Structure
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| Function |
Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.GLP-1 is a potent stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin release. Play important roles on gastric motility and the suppression of plasma glucagon levels. May be involved in the suppression of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues, independent of the actions of insulin. Have growth-promoting activities on intestinal epithelium. May also regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) via effects on LH, TSH, CRH, oxytocin, and vasopressin secretion. Increases islet mass through stimulation of islet neogenesis and pancreatic beta cell proliferation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon is the principal target for GLP-2 action. Plays a key role in nutrient homeostasis, enhancing nutrient assimilation through enhanced gastrointestinal function, as well as increasing nutrient disposal. Stimulates intestinal glucose transport and decreases mucosal permeability (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.Oxyntomodulin significantly reduces food intake. {ECO:0000250}.Glicentin may modulate gastric acid secretion and gastro-pyloro-duodenal activity.
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| Subcellular Localization |
Secreted.
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| Disease Associations |
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| Tissue Specificity |
Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
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| Comments |
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Number of Interactions
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This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 0 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
They are also associated with 3 interaction(s) predicted by orthology.
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| Predicted by orthology |
| Total |
3 [view]
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Molecular Function |
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| Biological Process |
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GO:0007188
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adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
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GO:0010737
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protein kinase A signaling
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GO:0035774
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positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus
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GO:0042594
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response to starvation
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GO:0043066
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negative regulation of apoptotic process
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| Cellular Component |
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| PDB ID |
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| InterPro |
IPR000532
Glucagon/GIP/secretin/VIP
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| PFAM |
PF00123
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| PRINTS |
PR00275
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| PIRSF |
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| SMART |
SM00070
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| TIGRFAMs |
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| Modification |
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| SwissProt |
P01272
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| PhosphoSite |
PhosphoSite-
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| TrEMBL |
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| UniProt Splice Variant |
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| Entrez Gene |
280802
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| UniGene |
Bt.410
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| RefSeq |
NP_776341
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| HUGO |
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| OMIM |
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| CCDS |
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| HPRD |
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| IMGT |
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| EMBL |
BC102221
K00107
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| GenPept |
AAA30538
AAI02222
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Version 5.4