InnateDB Protein
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IDBP-73683.6
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Last Modified
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2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]
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Gene Symbol
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GCG
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Protein Name
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glucagon
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Synonyms
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GLP1; GLP2; GRPP;
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Species
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Homo sapiens
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Ensembl Protein
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ENSP00000364647
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InnateDB Gene
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IDBG-73681 (GCG)
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Protein Structure
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Function |
Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes.GLP-1 is a potent stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin release. Play important roles on gastric motility and the suppression of plasma glucagon levels. May be involved in the suppression of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues, independent of the actions of insulin. Have growth-promoting activities on intestinal epithelium. May also regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) via effects on LH, TSH, CRH, oxytocin, and vasopressin secretion. Increases islet mass through stimulation of islet neogenesis and pancreatic beta cell proliferation. Inhibits beta cell apoptosis.GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon is the principal target for GLP-2 action. Plays a key role in nutrient homeostasis, enhancing nutrient assimilation through enhanced gastrointestinal function, as well as increasing nutrient disposal. Stimulates intestinal glucose transport and decreases mucosal permeability.Oxyntomodulin significantly reduces food intake. Inhibits gastric emptying in humans. Suppression of gastric emptying may lead to increased gastric distension, which may contribute to satiety by causing a sensation of fullness.Glicentin may modulate gastric acid secretion and the gastro-pyloro-duodenal activity. May play an important role in intestinal mucosal growth in the early period of life.
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Subcellular Localization |
Secreted.
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Disease Associations |
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Tissue Specificity |
Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. GLP-1 and GLP-2 are also secreted in selected neurons in the brain.
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Comments |
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Number of Interactions
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This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 10 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
Experimentally validated |
Total |
10
[view]
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Protein-Protein |
10
[view]
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Protein-DNA |
0
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Protein-RNA |
0
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DNA-DNA |
0
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RNA-RNA |
0
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DNA-RNA |
0
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Molecular Function |
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Biological Process |
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Cellular Component |
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PDB ID |
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InterPro |
IPR000532
Glucagon/GIP/secretin/VIP
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PFAM |
PF00123
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PRINTS |
PR00275
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PIRSF |
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SMART |
SM00070
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TIGRFAMs |
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Modification |
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SwissProt |
P01275
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PhosphoSite |
PhosphoSite-P01275
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TrEMBL |
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UniProt Splice Variant |
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Entrez Gene |
2641
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UniGene |
Hs.741174
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RefSeq |
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HUGO |
HGNC:4191
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OMIM |
138030
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CCDS |
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HPRD |
00676
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IMGT |
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EMBL |
AC007750
BC005278
BT006813
J04040
V01515
X03991
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GenPept |
AAA52567
AAH05278
AAP35459
AAY24204
CAA24759
CAA27627
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