InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: SLC29A4

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-7461.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

SLC29A4

Protein Name

solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 4

Synonyms

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000297195

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-7459 (SLC29A4)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Functions as a polyspecific organic cation transporter, efficiently transporting many organic cations such as monoamine neurotransmitters 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and biogenic amines including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. May play a role in regulating central nervous system homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters. May be involved in luminal transport of organic cations in the kidney and seems to use luminal proton gradient to drive organic cation reabsorption. Does not seem to transport nucleoside and nucleoside analogs such as uridine, cytidine, thymidine, adenosine, inosine, guanosine, and azidothymidine. In (PubMed:16873718) adenosine is efficiently transported but in a fashion highly sensitive to extracellular pH, with maximal activity in the pH range 5.5 to 6.5. Glu-206 is essential for the cation selectivity and may function as the charge sensor for cationic substrates. Transport is chloride and sodium-independent but appears to be sensitive to changes in membrane potential. Weakly inhibited by the classical inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transport, dipyridamole, dilazep, and nitrobenzylthioinosine. May play a role in the regulation of extracellular adenosine concentrations in cardiac tissues, in particular during ischemia. {ECO:0000269PubMed:15448143, ECO:0000269PubMed:16873718, ECO:0000269PubMed:17018840, ECO:0000269PubMed:17121826}.

Subcellular Localization

Cell membrane {ECO:0000305}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Apical cell membrane {ECO:0000305}; Multi-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000305}. Note=Located to the plasma membranes of ventricular myocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Targeted to the apical membranes of differentiated kidney epithelial cells. {ECO:0000269PubMed:15448143, ECO:0000269PubMed:16873718}.

Disease Associations

Tissue Specificity

Expressed abundantly in the heart, in both cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells (at protein level). Highly expressed in brain, kidney and skeletal muscle. In the brain expressed in cerebellum, cerebral cortex, medulla, occipital pole, frontal and temporal lobes putamen and in the spinal cord. Lower expression in liver, pancreas, and liver. Expressed in endometrial tissue, exclusively in the stroma. Expression is high in the proliferative phase, decreases during the secretory phase, and is no longer detectable in the menstrual phase. {ECO:0000269PubMed:15448143, ECO:0000269PubMed:16873718, ECO:0000269PubMed:17018840, ECO:0000269PubMed:17393420}.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 0 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function