InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: APOBEC3C

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-7933.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

APOBEC3C

Protein Name

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3C

Synonyms

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000355340

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-402340 (APOBEC3C)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination- independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single-or double- stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through the process of active DNA demethylation. {ECO:0000269PubMed:12859895, ECO:0000269PubMed:15466872, ECO:0000269PubMed:16527742, ECO:0000269PubMed:20062055, ECO:0000269PubMed:21496894, ECO:0000269PubMed:21632763}.

Subcellular Localization

Nucleus. Cytoplasm.

Disease Associations

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in spleen, testes, peripherical blood lymphocytes, heart, thymus, prostate and ovary. {ECO:0000269PubMed:11863358, ECO:0000269PubMed:20308164}.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 7 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Experimentally validated
Total	7 [view]
Protein-Protein	7 [view]
Protein-DNA	0
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0003824	catalytic activity
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0008270	zinc ion binding
GO:0016787	hydrolase activity
GO:0016814	hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines
GO:0044822	poly(A) RNA binding
GO:0046872	metal ion binding

Biological Process

GO:0009972	cytidine deamination
GO:0010529	negative regulation of transposition
GO:0016032	viral process
GO:0045071	negative regulation of viral genome replication
GO:0045087	innate immune response
GO:0051607	defense response to virus
GO:0080111	DNA demethylation