InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: APOBEC3H

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-8050.7

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

APOBEC3H

Protein Name

apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3H

Synonyms

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000216123

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-8048 (APOBEC3H)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The A3H- var/haplotype 2 exhibits antiviral activity against vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single- stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single- or double-stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity also against T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons. {ECO:0000269PubMed:16571802, ECO:0000269PubMed:16920826, ECO:0000269PubMed:18299330, ECO:0000269PubMed:18779051, ECO:0000269PubMed:18827027, ECO:0000269PubMed:20062055, ECO:0000269PubMed:21835787, ECO:0000269PubMed:22457529, ECO:0000269PubMed:22915799, ECO:0000269PubMed:23097438}.

Subcellular Localization

Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, P-body. Note=Haplotype 1 is distributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas haplotype 2 is predominantly cytoplasmic.

Disease Associations

Tissue Specificity

Expressed in lymphoid organs. Also detected in non-lymphoid tissues including lung, testis, ovary, fetal liver and skin. {ECO:0000269PubMed:16571802, ECO:0000269PubMed:20308164}.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 0 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0003824	catalytic activity
GO:0004126	cytidine deaminase activity
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0008270	zinc ion binding
GO:0016787	hydrolase activity
GO:0016814	hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines

Biological Process

GO:0009972	cytidine deamination
GO:0010529	negative regulation of transposition
GO:0045087	innate immune response
GO:0045869	negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate
GO:0048525	negative regulation of viral process
GO:0051607	defense response to virus
GO:0070383	DNA cytosine deamination