InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: VIL1

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-80994.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

VIL1

Protein Name

villin 1

Synonyms

D2S1471; VIL;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000248444

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-80992 (VIL1)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Epithelial cell-specific Ca(2+)-regulated actin- modifying protein that modulates the reorganization of microvillar actin filaments. Plays a role in the actin nucleation, actin filament bundle assembly, actin filament capping and severing. Binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA); binds LPA with higher affinity than PIP2. Binding to LPA increases its phosphorylation by SRC and inhibits all actin-modifying activities. Binding to PIP2 inhibits actin-capping and -severing activities but enhances actin-bundling activity. Regulates the intestinal epithelial cell morphology, cell invasion, cell migration and apoptosis. Protects against apoptosis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the gastrointestinal epithelium. Appears to regulate cell death by maintaining mitochondrial integrity. Enhances hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced epithelial cell motility, chemotaxis and wound repair. Upon S.flexneri cell infection, its actin-severing activity enhances actin-based motility of the bacteria and plays a role during the dissemination. {ECO:0000269PubMed:11500485, ECO:0000269PubMed:14594952, ECO:0000269PubMed:15084600, ECO:0000269PubMed:15272027, ECO:0000269PubMed:15342783, ECO:0000269PubMed:16921170, ECO:0000269PubMed:17182858, ECO:0000269PubMed:17229814, ECO:0000269PubMed:17606613, ECO:0000269PubMed:18054784, ECO:0000269PubMed:18198174, ECO:0000269PubMed:19808673, ECO:0000269PubMed:3087992}.

Subcellular Localization

Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell projection, lamellipodium. Cell projection, ruffle. Cell projection, microvillus. Cell projection, filopodium tip {ECO:0000250}. Cell projection, filopodium {ECO:0000250}. Note=Relocalized in the tip of cellular protrusions and filipodial extensions upon infection with S.flexneri in primary intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and in the tail-like structures forming the actin comets of S.flexneri. Redistributed to the leading edge of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced lamellipodia (By similarity). Rapidly redistributed to ruffles and lamellipodia structures in response to autotaxin, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment. {ECO:0000250}.

Disease Associations

Note=Biliary atresia is a chronic and progressive cholestatic liver disease of chilhood characterized by an abnormal villin gene expression and severe malformation of canalicular microvillus structure.

Tissue Specificity

Specifically expressed in epithelial cells. Major component of microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells and kidney proximal tubule cells. Expressed in canalicular microvilli of hepatocytes (at protein level). {ECO:0000269PubMed:14550699, ECO:0000269PubMed:3453110}.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 7 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
They are also associated with 3 interaction(s) predicted by orthology.

Experimentally validated
Total	7 [view]
Protein-Protein	7 [view]
Protein-DNA	0
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Predicted by orthology
Total	3 [view]

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0003779	actin binding
GO:0005509	calcium ion binding
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0005546	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding
GO:0035727	lysophosphatidic acid binding
GO:0042802	identical protein binding
GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity
GO:0043027	cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process
GO:0051015	actin filament binding

Biological Process

GO:0006461	protein complex assembly
GO:0007010	cytoskeleton organization
GO:0007173	epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
GO:0008360	regulation of cell shape
GO:0009617	response to bacterium
GO:0010634	positive regulation of epithelial cell migration
GO:0030041	actin filament polymerization
GO:0030042	actin filament depolymerization
GO:0030335	positive regulation of cell migration
GO:0030855	epithelial cell differentiation
GO:0032233	positive regulation of actin filament bundle assembly
GO:0035729	cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus
GO:0043154	negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
GO:0051014	actin filament severing
GO:0051125	regulation of actin nucleation
GO:0051693	actin filament capping
GO:0060327	cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in cell motility
GO:0061041	regulation of wound healing
GO:0071364	cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus
GO:2000392	regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis

Cellular Component

GO:0001726	ruffle
GO:0005737	cytoplasm
GO:0005902	microvillus
GO:0030027	lamellipodium
GO:0030175	filopodium
GO:0032432	actin filament bundle
GO:0032433	filopodium tip
GO:0070062	extracellular vesicular exosome