InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: PLK3

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-97806.5

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

PLK3

Protein Name

polo-like kinase 3

Synonyms

CNK; FNK; PRK;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000361275

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-97804 (PLK3)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in cell cycle regulation, response to stress and Golgi disassembly. Polo-like kinases act by binding and phosphorylating proteins are that already phosphorylated on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates ATF2, BCL2L1, CDC25A, CDC25C, CHEK2, HIF1A, JUN, p53/TP53, p73/TP73, PTEN, TOP2A and VRK1. Involved in cell cycle regulation: required for entry into S phase and cytokinesis. Phosphorylates BCL2L1, leading to regulate the G2 checkpoint and progression to cytokinesis during mitosis. Plays a key role in response to stress: rapidly activated upon stress stimulation, such as ionizing radiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hyperosmotic stress, UV irradiation and hypoxia. Involved in DNA damage response and G1/S transition checkpoint by phosphorylating CDC25A, p53/TP53 and p73/TP73. Phosphorylates p53/TP53 in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby promoting p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis. Phosphorylates CHEK2 in response to DNA damage, promoting the G2/M transition checkpoint. Phosphorylates the transcription factor p73/TP73 in response to DNA damage, leading to inhibit p73/TP73-mediated transcriptional activation and pro-apoptotic functions. Phosphorylates HIF1A and JUN is response to hypoxia. Phosphorylates ATF2 following hyperosmotic stress in corneal epithelium. Also involved in Golgi disassembly during the cell cycle: part of a MEK1/MAP2K1-dependent pathway that induces Golgi fragmentation during mitosis by mediating phosphorylation of VRK1. May participate in endomitotic cell cycle, a form of mitosis in which both karyokinesis and cytokinesis are interrupted and is a hallmark of megakaryocyte differentiation, via its interaction with CIB1. {ECO:0000269PubMed:10557092, ECO:0000269PubMed:11156373, ECO:0000269PubMed:11447225, ECO:0000269PubMed:11551930, ECO:0000269PubMed:11971976, ECO:0000269PubMed:12242661, ECO:0000269PubMed:14968113, ECO:0000269PubMed:14980500, ECO:0000269PubMed:15021912, ECO:0000269PubMed:16478733, ECO:0000269PubMed:16481012, ECO:0000269PubMed:17264206, ECO:0000269PubMed:17804415, ECO:0000269PubMed:18062778, ECO:0000269PubMed:18650425, ECO:0000269PubMed:19103756, ECO:0000269PubMed:19490146, ECO:0000269PubMed:20889502, ECO:0000269PubMed:20940307, ECO:0000269PubMed:20951827, ECO:0000269PubMed:21098032, ECO:0000269PubMed:21264284, ECO:0000269PubMed:21376736, ECO:0000269PubMed:21840391, ECO:0000269PubMed:9353331}.

Subcellular Localization

Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Nucleus, nucleolus. Golgi apparatus. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. Note=Translocates to the nucleus upon cisplatin treatment. Localizes to the Golgi apparatus during interphase. According to a report, PLK3 localizes only in the nucleolus and not in the centrosome, or in any other location in the cytoplasm (PubMed:17264206). The discrepancies in results may be explained by the PLK3 antibody specificity, by cell line- specific expression or post-translational modifications. {ECO:0000269PubMed:17264206}.

Disease Associations

Tissue Specificity

Transcripts are highly detected in placenta, lung, followed by skeletal muscle, heart, pancreas, ovaries and kidney and weakly detected in liver and brain. May have a short half-live. In cells of hematopoietic origin, strongly and exclusively detected in terminally differentiated macrophages. Transcript expression appears to be down-regulated in primary lung tumor.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 21 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Experimentally validated
Total	21 [view]
Protein-Protein	21 [view]
Protein-DNA	0
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0002039	p53 binding
GO:0004672	protein kinase activity
GO:0004674	protein serine/threonine kinase activity
GO:0004713	protein tyrosine kinase activity
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0005524	ATP binding
GO:0016772	transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups

Biological Process

GO:0000075	cell cycle checkpoint
GO:0000082	G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
GO:0000084	mitotic S phase
GO:0000086	G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
GO:0000122	negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0000302	response to reactive oxygen species
GO:0000910	cytokinesis
GO:0006468	protein phosphorylation
GO:0006915	apoptotic process
GO:0006970	response to osmotic stress
GO:0006974	cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
GO:0007093	mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
GO:0007113	endomitotic cell cycle
GO:0009314	response to radiation
GO:0031122	cytoplasmic microtubule organization
GO:0043066	negative regulation of apoptotic process
GO:0043491	protein kinase B signaling
GO:0051302	regulation of cell division
GO:0090166	Golgi disassembly
GO:0090316	positive regulation of intracellular protein transport
GO:2000777	positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process involved in cellular response to hypoxia

Cellular Component

GO:0005634	nucleus
GO:0005730	nucleolus
GO:0005737	cytoplasm
GO:0005795	Golgi stack
GO:0005813	centrosome
GO:0030425	dendrite
GO:0043025	neuronal cell body

Protein Structure and Domains

PDB ID

InterPro

IPR000719 Protein kinase domain
IPR000959 POLO box duplicated domain
IPR001245 Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase catalytic domain
IPR002290 Serine/threonine/dual specificity protein kinase, catalytic domain
IPR011009 Protein kinase-like domain
IPR020635 Tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain

PFAM

PF00069
PF00659
PF07714

PRINTS

PR00109

PIRSF

SMART

SM00220
SM00219

TIGRFAMs

Post-translational Modifications

Modification

Cross-References

SwissProt