InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: KISS1

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-106031.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

KISS1

Protein Name

KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor

Synonyms

HH13; KiSS-1;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000356162

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-106029 (KISS1)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Metastasis suppressor protein in malignant melanomas and in some breast cancers. May regulate events downstream of cell- matrix adhesion, perhaps involving cytoskeletal reorganization. Generates a C-terminally amidated peptide, metastin which functions as the endogenous ligand of the G-protein coupled receptor GPR54. Activation of the receptor inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration, key characteristics of tumor metastasis. Kp-10 is a decapeptide derived from the primary translation product, isolated in conditioned medium of first trimester trophoblast. Kp-10, but not other kisspeptins, increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels in isolated first trimester trophoblasts. Kp-10 is a paracrine/endocrine regulator in fine- tuning trophoblast invasion generated by the trophoblast itself. The receptor is also essential for normal gonadotropin-released hormone physiology and for puberty. The hypothalamic KiSS1/GPR54 system is a pivotal factor in central regulation of the gonadotropic axis at puberty and in adulthood. {ECO:0000269PubMed:11060311, ECO:0000269PubMed:11385580, ECO:0000269PubMed:15500545, ECO:0000269PubMed:9185708}.

Subcellular Localization

Secreted.

Disease Associations

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 13 with or without anosmia (HH13) [MIM:614842]: A disorder characterized by absent or incomplete sexual maturation by the age of 18 years, in conjunction with low levels of circulating gonadotropins and testosterone and no other abnormalities of the hypothalamic- pituitary axis. In some cases, it is associated with non- reproductive phenotypes, such as anosmia, cleft palate, and sensorineural hearing loss. Anosmia or hyposmia is related to the absence or hypoplasia of the olfactory bulbs and tracts. Hypogonadism is due to deficiency in gonadotropin-releasing hormone and probably results from a failure of embryonic migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons. In the presence of anosmia, idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is referred to as Kallmann syndrome, whereas in the presence of a normal sense of smell, it has been termed normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH). {ECO:0000269PubMed:22335740}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Tissue Specificity

Very high expression in placenta, with the next highest level in testis and moderate levels in pancreas, liver, small intestine and brain at much lower levels. Expression levels increased in both early placentas and molar pregnancies and are reduced in choriocarcinoma cells. Expressed at higher levels in first trimester trophoblasts than at term of gestation, but only expressed in the villous trophoblast. {ECO:0000269PubMed:11385580, ECO:0000269PubMed:12414911, ECO:0000269PubMed:15020672}.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 2 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
They are also associated with 1 interaction(s) predicted by orthology.