InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: ADARB1

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-583333.3

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

ADARB1

Protein Name

adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1

Synonyms

ADAR2; DRABA2; DRADA2; RED1;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000436367

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-5701 (ADARB1)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing. This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions. Can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer- associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2 and GRIK2) and serotonin (HTR2C), GABA receptor (GABRA3) and potassium voltage-gated channel (KCNA1). Site- specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alter their functional activities. Edits GRIA2 at both the Q/R and R/G sites efficiently but converts the adenosine in hotspot1 much less efficiently. Can exert a proviral effect towards human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and enhances its replication via both an editing-dependent and editing-independent mechanism. The former involves editing of adenosines in the 5'UTR while the latter occurs via suppression of EIF2AK2/PKR activation and function. Can inhibit cell proliferation and migration and can stimulate exocytosis. {ECO:0000269PubMed:18178553, ECO:0000269PubMed:19908260, ECO:0000269PubMed:21289159}.

Subcellular Localization

Nucleus. Nucleus, nucleolus. Note=Shuttles between nucleoli and the nucleoplasm.

Disease Associations

Tissue Specificity

Highly expressed in brain and heart and at lower levels in placenta. Fair expression in lung, liver and kidney. Detected in brain, heart, kidney, lung and liver (at protein level). Isoform 5 is high expressed in hippocampus and colon. Isoform 5 is expressed in pediatric astrocytomas and the protein has a decreased RNA-editing activity. The decrease in RNA editing correlates with the grade of malignancy of the tumors, with the high grade tumors showing lower editing is seen. {ECO:0000269PubMed:18178553, ECO:0000269PubMed:19156214, ECO:0000269PubMed:9149227}.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 22 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Experimentally validated
Total	22 [view]
Protein-Protein	22 [view]
Protein-DNA	0
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0003723	RNA binding
GO:0003725	double-stranded RNA binding
GO:0003726	double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase activity
GO:0003729	mRNA binding
GO:0004000	adenosine deaminase activity
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0044822	poly(A) RNA binding
GO:0046872	metal ion binding

Biological Process

GO:0006382	adenosine to inosine editing
GO:0006396	RNA processing
GO:0006397	mRNA processing
GO:0008285	negative regulation of cell proliferation
GO:0010467	gene expression
GO:0016553	base conversion or substitution editing
GO:0016556	mRNA modification
GO:0030336	negative regulation of cell migration
GO:0044387	negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation
GO:0045070	positive regulation of viral genome replication
GO:0045087	innate immune response
GO:0051607	defense response to virus
GO:0051726	regulation of cell cycle