InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Homo sapiens Protein: AXIN1

Summary

InnateDB Protein

IDBP-7412.7

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

AXIN1

Protein Name

axin 1

Synonyms

AXIN; PPP1R49;

Species

Homo sapiens

Ensembl Protein

ENSP00000346935

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-7404 (AXIN1)

Protein Structure

UniProt Annotation

Function

Component of the beta-catenin destruction complex required for regulating CTNNB1 levels through phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and modulating Wnt-signaling. Controls dorsoventral patterning via two opposing effects; down-regulates CTNNB1 to inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway and ventralize embryos, but also dorsalizes embryos by activating a Wnt- independent JNK signaling pathway. In Wnt signaling, probably facilitates the phosphorylation of CTNNB1 and APC by GSK3B. Likely to function as a tumor suppressor. Facilitates the phosphorylation of TP53 by HIPK2 upon ultraviolet irradiation. Enhances TGF-beta signaling by recruiting the RNF111 E3 ubiquitin ligase and promoting the degradation of inhibitory SMAD7. Also component of the AXIN1-HIPK2-TP53 complex which controls cell growth, apoptosis and development. {ECO:0000269PubMed:12192039, ECO:0000269PubMed:16601693, ECO:0000269PubMed:17210684}.

Subcellular Localization

Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Membrane {ECO:0000250}. Cell membrane {ECO:0000250}. Note=MACF1 is required for its translocation to cell membrane (By similarity). On UV irradiation, translocates to the nucleus and colocalizes with DAAX. {ECO:0000250}.

Disease Associations

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [MIM:114550]: A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. The major risk factors for HCC are chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, prolonged dietary aflatoxin exposure, alcoholic cirrhosis, and cirrhosis due to other causes. {ECO:0000269PubMed:12101426}. Note=The gene represented in this entry is involved in disease pathogenesis.Caudal duplication anomaly (CADUA) [MIM:607864]: A condition characterized by the occurrence of duplications of different organs in the caudal region. {ECO:0000269PubMed:16773576}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Caudal duplication anomaly is associated with hypermethylation of the AXIN1 promoter.

Tissue Specificity

Ubiquitously expressed.

Comments

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 100 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.
They are also associated with 33 interaction(s) predicted by orthology.

Experimentally validated
Total	100 [view]
Protein-Protein	98 [view]
Protein-DNA	0
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	2 [view]
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Predicted by orthology
Total	33 [view]

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0004871	signal transducer activity
GO:0005096	GTPase activator activity
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0008013	beta-catenin binding
GO:0019899	enzyme binding
GO:0019901	protein kinase binding
GO:0031625	ubiquitin protein ligase binding
GO:0032947	protein complex scaffold
GO:0042802	identical protein binding
GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity
GO:0046332	SMAD binding
GO:0070016	armadillo repeat domain binding
GO:0070411	I-SMAD binding

Biological Process

GO:0001743	optic placode formation
GO:0001934	positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
GO:0006915	apoptotic process
GO:0007257	activation of JUN kinase activity
GO:0007368	determination of left/right symmetry
GO:0008219	cell death
GO:0008277	regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
GO:0009950	dorsal/ventral axis specification
GO:0010800	positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
GO:0021797	forebrain anterior/posterior pattern specification
GO:0021881	Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
GO:0030178	negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway
GO:0030910	olfactory placode formation
GO:0031122	cytoplasmic microtubule organization
GO:0031398	positive regulation of protein ubiquitination
GO:0032147	activation of protein kinase activity
GO:0033138	positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
GO:0035412	regulation of catenin import into nucleus
GO:0038032	termination of G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO:0043547	positive regulation of GTPase activity
GO:0043623	cellular protein complex assembly
GO:0045599	negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
GO:0045732	positive regulation of protein catabolic process
GO:0045893	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
GO:0046330	positive regulation of JNK cascade
GO:0048048	embryonic eye morphogenesis
GO:0048320	axial mesoderm formation
GO:0051443	positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
GO:0055001	muscle cell development
GO:0060070	canonical Wnt signaling pathway
GO:0060272	embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis
GO:0060823	canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in neural plate anterior/posterior pattern formation
GO:0071407	cellular response to organic cyclic compound
GO:0090090	negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
GO:0090244	Wnt signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis
GO:2000060	positive regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

Cellular Component

GO:0005634	nucleus
GO:0005737	cytoplasm
GO:0005829	cytosol
GO:0005881	cytoplasmic microtubule
GO:0005938	cell cortex
GO:0014069	postsynaptic density
GO:0016023	cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle
GO:0016328	lateral plasma membrane
GO:0030877	beta-catenin destruction complex
GO:0031410	cytoplasmic vesicle
GO:0048471	perinuclear region of cytoplasm
GO:0071944	cell periphery

Protein Structure and Domains

PDB ID

InterPro

IPR000342 Regulator of G protein signalling domain
IPR001158 DIX domain
IPR014936 Axin beta-catenin binding
IPR016137 Regulator of G protein signalling superfamily

PFAM

PF00615
PF00778
PF08833

PRINTS

PR01301

PIRSF

SMART

SM00021
SM00315

TIGRFAMs

Post-translational Modifications

Modification

Cross-References

SwissProt